System of integrally-cast reenforced-concrete roof construction for buildings



E. D. MARTIN.

SYSTEM OF INTEGRALLY CAST REENFORCED CONCRETE ROOF CONSTRUCTION FOR BUILDINGS.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 14, 1921- Patented Apr. 4, 1922.

2 SHEETS-SHEET l- E. 0. MARTIN.

SYSTEM OF INTEGRALLY CAST REENFORCED CONCRETE ROOF CONSTRUCTION FOR- BUILDINGS.

' APPLICATION FILED MAY 14, 192].

1,41 1,446 v Patented Apr. 4, 1922.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2- umrso STATES- PATENT OFFICE.

EDGAR D. MARTIN, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

SYSTEM OF INTEGRALL'Y-CAST REENFORCED-CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION FOR *IBUILDIN GS.

Speeificationof Letters Patent. Patented Apr. 4, 1922- Application filed March 14, 1921. Serial No. 452,144.

tegrally cast reenforced concrete pitched roof construction for buildings, and its principal object is to provide an improved reenforced concrete roof construct-ion suitable for spans as great as eighty feet or over, in which a multiplicity of carrying members is obviated. Another object is to obtain greater economy, simplicity, lightness, strength, du- P rability and rigidity in the construction of roof structures. Another object is to provide such a. roof'structure with facilities for lightin "and ventilating purposes.

ith these and other objects and advan tages in view, this invention conslsts 1 a. re

enforced concrete roof construction, having oppositely inclined members, diverging from a common support and sloping upward and outward, in which oppositely inclined roof members are restrained one to the other by l metal ties. It further consists in a reen- .forced concrete roof in which theop-positely struction, embodying a simple form of the present invention; Fig. 2 is a plan of a fragment thereof; Fig. 3 is a detail fragmental vertical section taken on line 3 3 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a detail cross section taken .on line l4. of Fig. -1; Fig. 5 is a vertical cross section of a roof construction illustrating a slightly modified form of the invention; Fig. 6 is a vertical cross section illustrating the application of the invention to a long span roof having supports intermediate its ends and Fig. 7 is a vertical cross section illustrating an application ofa slightly modified form of the invention to a long span roof' having supports intermediate its ends.

Referring to saiddrawings, and first to i Figs. to 4 inclusive, the reference character 10 designates supports such as the columns or walls .of a building, and said columns or Walls may be constructed of reenforced concrete, masonry or structural iron work, etc

as is desired.

The roof 11, c0mpr1ses a series of successively arranged, statically rigid, metal reenforced, oppositely inclined, intersecting ribs 13, that have oppositely inclined members 14, beyond the intersecting places that slope upward and outward from their support on the main members or ribs 13 and are restrained one to the other, at" their outer upper ends by tire rods 15. v

The structures 12 are connected at their outer, lower ends bylateral girders 9 and are supported by the columns or walls 10. f5

They are restrame'dfrom spreading apart by tie rods 16 that connect their lower outer ends. I

The roof covering may comp-rise an upper roof slab- 17 and two lower roof slabs 18 which are spaced away from the upper roof slab to leave free space 1 9 for lighting and ventilating purposes.

The upper roof slab 17 may take the form of a catenary suspended generally from lon- .gitudinal ribs 20 that extend between and connect the outer upper ends of the roof members 14. The lower roof slabs may extend from the supports 10 part way up the ribs 13. At'the inner edge portions of the lower roof slabs 18 are thickened portions 21 which act as longitudinal girders, and xtending between and connecting the upper outer ends of the upper roof members 14 and lower roof members 13 atthe girders 21 are suspending members 22, in the form of bars or rods, that carry, in part, the load of the lower roof slabs," and resist any tendency for the ribs or lower roof-members 13., to deflect or bend downwards between their ends. The

roof slabs and ribs are metal reenforced, as is well understood and all are cast integrally, forming a unified mass.

The advantages of a roof constructed in accordance withthe above description are readily'apparent. The downwardly curved roof slab being supported by the longitudi: nal ribs, it supports the roof load by direct sloping roof slab sections.

tension instead of transversely, and being supported by the .longitudinal ribs, the load is transferred by the upper roof members 14 by direct compression to the apex or place of intersection of the inclined members. The

roof slab ;may bemade much lighter than heretofore and therefore it reduces the loads carried by the upper roof members14 and consequently by the lower roof members 13 and lower tie rods 16. The horizontal pull of the ca-tenary slab acts opposite to the spreading stress of the upper roof members 14, which is taken up by the tie rods 15,

't-hereby reducing the stress in said tie rods direct compression to the apex .or intersecting place of the inclined roof members.

In this case, a longitudinal rib 20 at the a ex may be added to give additional rigidity to the structure.

In both forms, the suspending members 22 relieve the inclined members 13 from the transverse action of the lower roof slabs 18 and carry it to the upper roof members 14 which carry it by direct compression to the apex or intersecting place of the inclined 'members'from which it is transferred by direct compression to the columns or walls. This permits long spans to be carried with a minimum of materials and affords a substantial, rigid and well lighted and ventilated roof in which the inclined roof structures 12v of the series may. be widely spaced one from the other.

In' Fig. 6 is shown a roof construction consisting of a plurality of conterminous roof, constructions, of the form illustrated in Fig. 2 and described in connection there with. Each series of columns 10 forms the support for two adjacent roof constructions. In this case the tie rods 16 may run hetween the girders 21, thus tying the inclined roof members 12 together intermediate their ends, in place of at their lower ends, as in the form illustrated in Fig. 2. The upper and lower roof slabs 17 and 18 and ties 15", 22 are employed as in the forms heretofore described.

' In accordance'with one phase of the invention, the upper roof portions, without the lower ones, may be employed to form an extended roof. In Fi 7 such a construction is illustratedjan forms a sort of and a roof sla-b cast integral mediate inclined roof members 14 that run parallel with the inclined roof members 14, the lower ends of which are connected to the upper ends of adjacent roof member 14 by inclined ties or sustaining members 14'. The lower tie rods 16 tie the lower ends of the members 14, 14, to the lower ends of the roof members 14, 14 and to the columns 10. In this form of the invention, the roof members 14, 14, may have less slope than the members 14, 14, and may have roof slabs 17 cast thereon. Openings are left in the roof members 14, 14 to afford spaces for li hting and ventilating purposes.

I c aim as new and desire to secure by letters patent:

1. A system of reenforced concrete roof construction, comprising a series of successively arranged, statically rigid, metalreenforced concrete structures, cast integrally and forming a unified mass, and having oppositely inclined members diverging from their support and sloping upward and outward and restrained one to the other near their outer and upper ends by metal ties.

2. A system of reenforced concrete roof construction, comprising a series of successively arranged, statically rigid, metal reenforced concrete structures, cast integrally and formin a unified mass, in which oppositely inc ined members, diverging from their support and sloping upward and outward, are restrained. one to the other near their outer and upper ends by metal ties and a roof slab supported from said oppositely inclined members.

3. A system of reenforced concrete roof construction, comprising a series of successively arranged, statically rigid metal reenforced concrete structures, cast integrally and forming a unified mass, in which oppositely inclined members, diverging from their support and sloping upward and outward, are restrained one to the other near their outer and upper endsby metal ties,

y with said oppositely inclined members. Y

4. A system of reenforced concrete roof construction, comprising a series of succes sively arranged, statically rigid metal reenforced concretestructures, cast integrally and forming a unified mass, in which oppositely inclined members, diverging from their support and slopingupward and outsitely inclined members, diverging ward are restrained one to the other near their outer and upper ends by metal ties, and a downwardly curved roof slab supported from said oppositely inclined members.

5. A system of reenforced concrete roof construction, comprising a series of successively arranged, statically rigid, metal reenforced concrete structures, cast integrally and forming a unified mass, and having oppositely inclined members diverging from their supcport and sloping upward and out-- ward an restrained one to the other near their outer and upper: ends by metal ties, and suspension members secured to the upper, outer ends of said oppositely inclined members.

6. A system of reenforced concrete roof construction, comprising a series of successively arranged, statically rigid, metal reenforced concrete structures, cast integrally and forming a unified mass, in which 0 porom their support and sloping upward and outward, are restrained one to the other near their outer and upper ends by metal ties, a roof slab cast integrally, with said oppositely inclined members, and suspension members secured to the outer, upper ends of said oppositely inclined members for suspending roof members therebelow.

7. A system of reenforced concrete roof construction, comprising a series of successively arranged, statically rigid,metal reenforced concrete structures, consisting of oppositely inclined members that intersect each other, and supports therefor at their lower ends in combination with an upper roof slab supported above the intersections by the portions of the intersecting members which ex tend beyond the intersection, said intersect-. ing members being restrained one to the,

other at their upper and outer ends by metal ties, and lower roof slabs adjacent said supports, the whole being cast integrally with each other and forming a unified mass. 8.'A system of reenforced concrete roof construction, comprising a series of successively arranged, statically rigid, metal reenforced concrete structures, consisting of oppositely inclined members that intersect each other, and supports therefor at their lower ends, in combination with an upper downwardly curved roof slab supported above the intersections by the portions of the intersecting members which extend beyond the intersections, said intersecting members being restrained one to the other at their upper and outer ends by metal ties, and lower roof slabs adjacent said supports, the whole being cast integrally -with each other and forming a unified mass 9. A system of reenforced concrete roof construction, comprising a series of successively arranged, statically rigid, metal reenties, and lower roof slabs adjacent said supports, suspended from the outer upper ends of the intersecting members, the whole being cast integrally with each other and forming a unified mass.

10. A system of reenforced concrete roof construction, comprising a series of successively arranged, statically rigid, metal reenforced, concrete structures, consisting of opposing, inclined members that intersect each other, which are conterminous and integral at the points'of intersection, and supports therefor at their lower ends, in combination with upper roof slabs, supported above the intersections by the portions of the intersecting members which extend beyond the intersections, said intersecting members being restrained one to the other at their outer upper ends by metal ties, and lower roof slabs adjacent said supports, the whole being cast integrally and forming a unified mass. 1

11. A system of reenforced'concrete roo construction, comprising a plurality of a conterminous series of successively arranged, statically rigid, metal reenforced, concrete structures, consisting of opposing, inclined, members that intersect each other, and supports therefor at their lower ends, in combinationwith upper roof slabs, supported above the intersections by the portions of the intersecting members which extend beyond the intersections, said intersecting members being restrained one to the other at their outer upper ends by metal ties, and lower roof slabs adjacent said supports, the whole being cast integrally and forming a unified mass.

12. A system of reenforoed concrete roof construction, comprising a plurality of a conterminous series of successively arranged,

statically rigid, metal reenforced, concrete structures, consisting of opposing, inclined members that intersect each other, and supports therefor at their lower ends, said inter-- secting members being conterminous and integral across saidsupports, in combination with upper roof slabs, supported above theintersections by the portions of the intersecting members which extend beyond the intersections, said intersecting members be 13. A system of reenforced concrete roof construction comprising a series of successively arranged, statically rigid, metal reenforced, concrete structures, consisting of opposing, inclined, members that intersect each other, and supports therefor at their lower ends, in combination with upper roof slabs, supported above the intersections by the ortions of the intersecting members whicli extend beyond the intersections, said intersecting members being restrained one to the other at their outer upper ends by metal ties, and lower roof slabs adjacent said supports, the whole being cast integrally and forming a unified mass, there being window openings between the upper and lower roof slabs.

14. A system of reenforced concrete roof construction, comprising a series of statically rigid, metal reenforced, concrete structures, consisting of opposing, inclined members that intersect each other, supports therefor at their lower ends, and transverse restraining members, in combination with a downwardly curved upper roof slab, supported above the intersections by the portions of the intersecting members which extend'beyond the intersections, said intersecting members being restrained one to the other at their outer upper ends by metal ties, and lowerroof slabs adjacent said supports, the whole being cast integrally and forming a unified mass. y

' 15. A system of reenforced concrete roof construction,'comprising a series of successively arranged, statically rigid, metal reenforced concrete structures, consisting/of opposing, inclined members that intersect each other, and supports therefor at their lower ends, and transversely extending tie rods, in combination with an upper roof slab, supported above the intersections by-the pon tions of the intersecting members which e'xtend beyond the intersections, said intersecting members being restrained one to the other at their outer upper ends by metal ties, and lower roof slabs adjacent said supports, the whole being cast integrally and forming a unified mass. i

16. A system of reenforced concrete roof construction, comprising a seriesof successively arranged, statically rigid, metal reenforced concrete structures, consisting of opposing, inclined members that intersect each other, co-incident lateral restraining members therefor,and supports at said restraining members, in combination with an upper I roof slab, supported above the intersections by the portions of the intersecting members which extend beyond the intersections, said intersecting members being restrained one to'the other at their outer upper ends by I metal ties, and lower roof slabs adjacent said supports, the whole being cast integrally and forming a unified mass.

17. A system of reenforced concrete roof construction, comprising a series of successively arranged, statically rigid, metal reenforced, concrete structures, consisting of opposing, inclined members that intersect each other, co-incident lateral restraining members therefor, supports at said restraining members and tie rods connecting said restraining members, in combination with an upper roof slab, supported above the inter.- sections by thetportions of the intersecting members which extend beyond the intersections, said intersecting members being restrained one to the other at their outer upper ends by metal ties, and lower roof slabs adjacent said supports, the whole being cast integrally and forming a unified mass.

18. Asystem of reenforced concrete roof construction, comprising a series of successively arranged, statically rigid, metal reenforced, concrete structures, consisting ofjopvposing, inclined members that intersect each other, which areconterminous and integral at the points of intersection, and supports therefor at their lower ends, in combination with upper roof slabs, supported above theintersections by the portions of the in tersecting members which ektend beyond the intersections, said intersecting members be: ing restrained one to the other at their outer upper ends by metal ties, roof'suspending combination with upper roof slabs, sup- 11:0

ported above the intersections by the portions of the intersecting members which extend beyond the intersections, said intersecting members being restrained one to the other at their outer upper ends by metal ties, 11 roof suspending members secured to and extending down from the upper outer ends of said intersecting members, and lower roof slabs adjacent said supports, suspended by said roof suspending member, the whole beingcast integrally and forming a unified mass.

20. A system of reenforced concrete roof construction, comprising a pluralityof a conterminous series ofsuccessively arranged,

statically rigid, metal reenforced, concrete structures. consisting of opposing, inclined members that intersect each other, and supports therefor at their lower ends, said intersecting members being conterminous and integral across said supports, in combination with upper rooi slabs; supported above the intersections by the portions of the intersecting members which extend beyond the intersections, said intersecting members being restrained one to the other at their outer upper ends by metal ties, root suspending members secured to and extending down from the upper outer ends of said intersecting members, and lower roof slabs adjacent said supports suspended by said roof suspending members, the whole being cast integrally and forming a unified mass. 21. A system of reenforced concrete roof construction, comprising a series of successively arranged, statically rigid, metal reenforced, concrete structures, consisting of opposing, inclined, members that intersect each other, and supportstherefor at their lower ends, in combination with upper root slabs, supported above the intersections by the portions of the intersecting members which extend beyond the intersections, said intersecting members being restrained one to the other at their outer upper ends by metal ties, roof suspending members secured to and extending down from the upper outer ends of said intersecting members, and lower roof slabs adjacent said supports, suspended by said roof suspending members, the whole being cast integrally and forming a unified mass,,there being window openings between the upper and lower roof slabs.

22. A system of reenforced concrete roof construction, comprising a series of statically rigid, metal reenforced, concrete structures, consisting of opposing, inclined members that intersect each other, supports thereof at their lower ends, and transverse restraining members, in combination with a downwardly curved upper roof slab, supported above the intersections by the portions of the intersecting members which extend beyond the intersections, said interseating members being restrained one to the other at their outer upper ends by metal ties, roof suspending members secured to and extending down from the upper outer ends of said intersecting members, and lower roof slabs adjacent said supports, suspended by said roof suspending members,'the whole being cast integrally and forming a unified mass. I 23. A system of reenforced concrete roof construction, comprising a series of successively arranged, statically rigid, metal reenforce'd, concrete structures, consisting'ot opposing, inclined members that intersect each other, and supports therefor at their lower ends, and transversely extendingv tie rods, in combination with an upper root slab, supported above the intersections by the portions of the intersecting members which extend beyond the intersections, said intersecting members being restrained one to the other at their outer upper ends by metal ties, roof suspending members secured to and extending downtrom the upper outer ends of said intersecting members, and lower roof slabs adjacent said supports, suspended by said roof suspending members, the whole being cast integrally and forming a unified mass.

24. A system of reenforced concrete roof construction, comprising a series of successively arranged, statically rigid, metal reenforced, concrete structures, consisting of opposing, inclined members that intersect each other, co-incident lateral restraining members therefor, and supports at said rcstraining members, in combination with an upper roof slab, supported above the intersections by the portions of the intersecting members which extend beyond the intersections, said intersecting members being restrained one to the other at their outer upper ends by metal ties, roof suspending members secured to and extending down from the upper outer ends of said intersecting members, and lower roof slabs ad acent said supports, suspended by said roof suspending members, the whole being cast integrally' and forming a unified mass.

25. A system of reen'lorced concrete roof construction, comprising a series of successively arranged, statically rigid, metal reenforced, concrete structures, consisting of opposing, inclined members that intersect each other, co-incident lateral restraining members therefor, supports at said restraining members and tie rods connecting said restraining members, in combination with an upper roof slab, supported above the intersections by the portions of the intersecting members which extend beyond the intersections, said intersecting members being restrained one to the other at their outer upper ends by metal ties, roof suspending members secured to and extending down from the upper outer ends of said intersecting members, and lower roof slabs adjacent said supports, suspended by said roof suspending members, the whole being cast integrally and forming a unified mass.

EDGAR D. MARTIN. 

